Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)

• Applications:

  • Quick identification of active components.

  • Screening of plant extracts for bioactive compounds.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

• Applications:

  • Quantitative and qualitative analysis of active compounds.

  • Purity testing and compound isolation.

  • Detection of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

• Applications:

  1. Metabolite profiling of plant extracts.

  2. Identification of volatile compounds.

  3. Analysis of essential oils, fatty acids, and more.

NMR Sample Analysis Charges

 Basic 1H-NMR Analysis

13C-NMR Analysis

• Applications: Detailed carbon skeleton determination, compound characterization.

Advanced 2D-NMR Techniques

• Applications: NOESY, COSY, HSQC, HMBC for complex structural elucidation.

Total Protein Content

• Method: Bradford Assay, Lowry Method, or Kjeldahl Analysis (as per requirement).

• Applications: Nutritional analysis, protein quantification in plant or food samples.

Total Fat/Oil Content

• Method: Soxhlet Extraction or Gravimetric Analysis.

• Applications: Determination of lipid content in seeds, food, or plant materials.

Total Phenolic Content (TPC)

• Method: Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent Method.

• Applications: Assessment of antioxidant potential in plant extracts or food products.

Total Flavonoid Content (TFC)

• Method: Aluminum Chloride Colorimetric Assay.

• Applications: Determination of flavonoids as indicators of bioactivity in plant-based samples.

Edible Oil Testing Parameters

1. Physical Parameters

• Color (Lovibond scale)

• Odour & Taste (organoleptic)

• Density / Specific Gravity

• Refractive Index

2. Chemical Parameters

• Acid Value (mg KOH/g) → oil freshness indicator

• Free Fatty Acid (%)

• Peroxide Value (meq O₂/kg) → rancidity check

• Iodine Value (g I₂/100g) → unsaturation level

• Saponification Value

• Unsaponifiable Matter (%)

3. Purity / Adulteration Tests

• Argemone Oil Test (mustard oil safety)

• Mineral Oil Detection

• Baudouin Test (vanaspati in ghee/oil)

• Cottonseed Oil Test

• Rice Bran Oil Detection (γ-oryzanol)

• GC-FAME Profile (fatty acid composition)

• Sterol Composition

• NMR Profile (advanced authenticity)

4. Contaminants & Safety

• Heavy Metals (Pb, As, Cd, Hg)

• Pesticide Residues

• Aflatoxins (especially groundnut oil)

• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

5. Nutritional Parameters

• Saturated Fat (%)

• MUFA / PUFA (%)

• Trans Fat (%)

• Omega-3 / Omega-6 ratio

• Vitamin E (Tocopherol)

Testing Parameters 

1. Physical Parameters

• Color (Pfund scale ya visual)

• Moisture Content (%) → ≤ 20%

• Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm)

• Viscosity

2. Chemical Parameters

• pH → 3.2 – 4.5

• Free Acidity (meq/kg) → ≤ 50

• Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) → ≤ 40 mg/kg

• Reducing Sugars (%) → ≥ 65%

• Sucrose (%) → ≤ 5%

3. Purity / Adulteration Parameters

• C4 Sugar Test (adulteration check)

• Isotope Ratio (δ13C)

• NMR Profile (advanced authenticity)

• Foreign Oligosaccharides

4. Enzymatic Activity

• Diastase Activity (DN) → ≥ 8

5. Microbiological (optional but good)

• Yeast & Mold count

• Total Plate Count